Free French Legal Templates

Bilingual FR/EN templates — Code civil, loi secrets d'affaires, RGPD, and convention d'honoraires compliant

🇫🇷 Français + English Code civil RGPD Gratuit / Free
TL;DR

French NDAs (accords de confidentialité) are enforceable under Code civil art. 1104 and the loi secrets d'affaires (loi n° 2018-670). No notarisation required. Violations trigger damages under art. 1231-1 and potentially injunctions (référé interdicte). Duration typically 3–5 years; trade secrets protected indefinitely under the 2018 law.

NDA / Accord de Confidentialité

Mutual NDA for commercial relationships — bilingual FR/EN. Covers trade secrets under loi 2018-670, personal data under RGPD, clause pénale under Code civil art. 1231-5.

ClauseLegal basis (France)Note
Definition of secret d'affairesLoi n° 2018-670, art. L151-1 C.comMust be secret, have commercial value, and be protected
Obligation de confidentialitéCode civil art. 1104, 1194Implied in employment (C. trav. L1227-1); explicit in B2B
Divulgations autoriséesLoi 2018-670 art. L151-8Whistleblowing, press freedom, court orders
DuréeCode civil art. 2224 (prescription)Typically 3–5 years; trade secrets indefinite
Clause pénaleCode civil art. 1231-5Courts can reduce if disproportionate (réduction judiciaire)
Droit applicable / juridictionRome I Regulation; CPC art. 42French courts in French; arbitration possible
RGPD / données personnellesRGPD art. 13, 28; loi Informatique et LibertésRequired if personal data shared
NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT / ACCORD DE CONFIDENTIALITÉ

Between:
[Disclosing Party Name], [registered address], [SIREN/SIRET: ___] ("Disclosing Party")
and
[Receiving Party Name], [registered address], [SIREN/SIRET: ___] ("Receiving Party")
(together: "the Parties")

RECITALS
The Parties intend to explore a potential business relationship concerning: [describe purpose, e.g., joint technology development / evaluation of commercial partnership / due diligence for investment] ("the Purpose"). In connection with the Purpose, Disclosing Party may share confidential information with Receiving Party.

1. DEFINITION OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
"Confidential Information" means all information disclosed by Disclosing Party to Receiving Party in connection with the Purpose, whether in oral, written, electronic, or other form, including without limitation: technical data, secrets d'affaires (trade secrets as defined under loi n° 2018-670 and art. L151-1 Code de commerce), financial information, business plans, customer data, source code, manufacturing processes, and personal data.
Confidential Information does not include information that: (a) is or becomes publicly available through no fault of Receiving Party; (b) was known to Receiving Party prior to disclosure with proof; (c) is independently developed by Receiving Party without reference to Confidential Information; (d) is disclosed pursuant to a judicial, regulatory, or administrative order (with prior notice to Disclosing Party to the extent permitted by law).

2. OBLIGATIONS
Receiving Party shall: (a) maintain strict confidentiality of all Confidential Information; (b) not disclose Confidential Information to any third party without prior written consent; (c) use Confidential Information solely for the Purpose; (d) apply at least reasonable protective measures (mesures de protection raisonnables) as required under loi 2018-670; (e) restrict access to employees or advisors with a need-to-know, bound by equivalent obligations.

3. PERMITTED DISCLOSURES
Disclosure is permitted: (a) where required by applicable law or court order, with maximum notice to Disclosing Party; (b) pursuant to loi n° 2016-1691 (Sapin II) whistleblowing rights; (c) in the context of press freedom or freedom of expression as per loi 2018-670 art. L151-8.

4. TERM
This Agreement is effective from the date of last signature for a period of [3/5] years. Obligations with respect to trade secrets (secrets d'affaires) continue as long as the information retains its trade secret character under applicable law.

5. RETURN OF INFORMATION
Upon Disclosing Party's written request or conclusion of the Purpose, Receiving Party shall promptly return or destroy all Confidential Information and confirm destruction in writing.

6. CLAUSE PÉNALE
For each breach, Receiving Party shall pay a clause pénale of EUR [5,000–50,000] per violation, at Disclosing Party's election. French courts may reduce this amount if manifestly disproportionate (Code civil art. 1231-5). Payment does not exclude additional damages under art. 1231-1.

7. PERSONAL DATA (RGPD)
To the extent Confidential Information contains données à caractère personnel (RGPD art. 4(1)), Receiving Party shall process such data only in accordance with this Agreement and RGPD. Where processing is on behalf of Disclosing Party, the Parties shall enter into a data processing agreement (DPA) under RGPD art. 28.

8. GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
This Agreement is governed by French law. Any dispute shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of [Paris / Lyon / Marseille] (Tribunal judiciaire), unless the Parties agree to arbitration under the ICC Rules.

9. SEVERABILITY / PARTIAL INVALIDITY
If any provision is invalid under French law, the remaining provisions shall continue in full force. The invalid provision shall be replaced by a provision that most closely achieves the intended commercial purpose (Code civil art. 1186).

10. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This Agreement supersedes all prior oral or written agreements on confidentiality between the Parties. Amendments must be in writing and signed by both Parties.

________________________     ________________________
[Disclosing Party]            [Receiving Party]
[Name, Title]                 [Name, Title]
[Date]                        [Date]
[Place]                       [Place]

NOTE: This template is for informational purposes only. Have a qualified avocat review it for high-stakes transactions.

🏛️ Loi Secrets d'Affaires (2018)

France transposed EU Directive 2016/943 via loi n° 2018-670. Requires: information is secret, has commercial value because it is secret, and subject to reasonable protective measures. Unlike UK/US law, French courts can grant publication bans in addition to damages.

📅 Prescription

Breach of confidentiality claims: 5 years from knowledge of breach (Code civil art. 2224). Trade secret actions under loi 2018-670: separate 5-year prescription. Note: prescription does not run while the secret is actively concealed.

👨‍💼 Employment NDAs

French employees have a statutory duty of confidentiality (art. L1227-1 Code du travail). A separate NDA may not be enforceable if it restricts the employee's right to work (clause de non-concurrence rules apply). Maximum: 2 years, geographic limit, compensation obligatory.

⚖️ Enforcement

Emergency injunction (référé interdicte): TJ can grant within 48 hours. Evidence may be gathered via huissier de justice (constat d'huissier) for forensic evidence preservation (requête sur saisie-contrefaçon also available for IP).

TL;DR

Since loi du 11 février 2004, every avocat must execute a written convention d'honoraires before starting work. It must specify fee structure, scope, TVA (20%), and the client's right to contest fees before the Bâtonnier de l'Ordre. No statutory fee scale exists — fees are freely negotiated. Pacte de quota litis (pure contingency) is generally prohibited; partial success fees are permitted since loi Macron 2015.

Convention d'Honoraires / Avocat Retainer

Bilingual FR/EN avocat engagement letter compliant with décret n° 2005-790 du 12 juillet 2005 and loi du 11 février 2004.

Required elementLegal sourceNote
Objet de la mission (scope)Décret 2005-790 art. 11Must be specific — vague mandates risk dispute
Mode de calcul des honorairesLoi 11/2/2004; art. 10 loi 31/12/1971Hourly, forfait, or mixed — must be explicit
TVA (20%)CGI art. 261 BAvocat services subject to TVA — state clearly
Provision (retainer)Décret 2005-790 art. 11Provision ≠ honoraires — must be justified
Droit à contestation — BâtonnierDécret 2005-790 art. 174Client right to contest before Bâtonnier
Assurance RC professionnelleLoi 31/12/1971 art. 27Must be disclosed
RGPD / protection des donnéesRGPD art. 13At point of engagement
AVOCAT ENGAGEMENT LETTER / CONVENTION D'HONORAIRES

[Law Firm Letterhead]
[Avocat Name], Avocat au Barreau de [Paris / Lyon / Marseille / ...]
[Address]
[Date]

Dear [Client Name],

RE: Engagement — [Matter Description, e.g., Commercial Lease Dispute / SAS Incorporation / Employment Dismissal / Real Estate Acquisition]

Thank you for instructing our firm. This letter constitutes a convention d'honoraires as required by loi n° 2004-130 du 11 février 2004 and décret n° 2005-790 du 12 juillet 2005.

1. SCOPE OF MANDATE (OBJET DE LA MISSION)
We are instructed to: [describe scope specifically, e.g., review and negotiate the commercial lease at [address]; advise on compliance with French commercial tenancy law (décret du 30 septembre 1953, Code de commerce art. L145-1 et seq.); and represent you in negotiations with the landlord's counsel].
This mandate does NOT extend to: [list exclusions, e.g., tax advice, notarial acts, court proceedings unless separately instructed].

2. RESPONSIBLE AVOCAT
Your matter will be handled by: [Name], Avocat, Barreau de [city], RPVA: [number]. Contact: [email / phone].

3. FEES (HONORAIRES)
[ ] Option A — Hourly rate (taux horaire): EUR [___] per hour (excl. TVA 20%) for [Name], and EUR [___] per hour for associates (excl. TVA 20%). Monthly invoices will be issued with time records (relevés de temps).

[ ] Option B — Fixed fee (forfait): EUR [___] (excl. TVA 20%) for the services described in clause 1. If the scope significantly changes, we will agree a revised fee in writing.

[ ] Option C — Success fee (honoraire de résultat, loi Macron 2015): Base hourly rate of EUR [___]/hr (excl. TVA) plus a success fee of [X%] of amounts recovered if the matter is resolved in your favour. The base fee is owed regardless of outcome.

NOTE: Pure contingency fees (pacte de quota litis — fees only if successful) are prohibited under art. 10 de la loi du 31 décembre 1971 except in specific circumstances authorised by the Bâtonnier.

TVA: All fees are subject to TVA at 20%. Invoices will state fees HT (hors taxes) and TTC (toutes taxes comprises) separately.

Provision: We request an advance payment (provision) of EUR [___] TTC, to be applied against future invoices. Unused provisions will be returned promptly.

4. DISBURSEMENTS (FRAIS ET DÉBOURS)
In addition to legal fees, you will be responsible for out-of-pocket expenses: court fees (droits de plaidoirie, contributions à l'aide juridique), huissier fees, expert fees, translation costs, travel (where pre-approved). These will be itemised on invoices.

5. PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE (RC PROFESSIONNELLE)
We maintain professional liability insurance (assurance responsabilité civile professionnelle) as required by art. 27 de la loi du 31 décembre 1971. Our insurer is [Insurer, e.g., CNB / AXA]. Policy number: [___].

6. RIGHT TO CONTEST FEES (RÉCLAMATION — BÂTONNIER)
If you contest our fees, you have the right to submit a complaint to the Bâtonnier de l'Ordre des Avocats du Barreau de [city], who will attempt conciliation. If unresolved, the matter is referred to the First President of the Court of Appeal (art. 174-177 décret 2005-790).

7. DATA PROTECTION (RGPD)
We process your personal data as Controller (Responsable de traitement) under RGPD art. 4(7) for the purpose of providing legal services. Legal basis: RGPD art. 6(1)(b) (contract). Data is retained for 5 years after matter closure. You have rights under RGPD art. 15-22. DPO contact: [if applicable].

8. TERMINATION
You may terminate this mandate at any time in writing. We will terminate only for serious cause (juste motif, art. 13 décret 2005-790), giving sufficient notice. Upon termination, we will hand over your file and invoice for work completed.

Please countersign and return one copy to confirm your agreement.

Sincerely,

________________________
[Avocat Name]
Avocat au Barreau de [city]

ACCEPTANCE:
I/We confirm engagement on the above terms.
________________________     ________________________
[Client signature]            [Date]
TL;DR

A mise en demeure (Code civil art. 1344) is mandatory before claiming intérêts moratoires from a specific date. Send by lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception (LRAR). Set a délai raisonnable (8–30 days depending on urgency). After expiry, proceed to injonction de payer (undisputed debts) or assignation (Tribunal judiciaire) for contested matters. For debts ≤€5,000, simplified procedure applies without avocat.

Mise en Demeure / Formal Demand Letter

Formal demand letter template covering payment defaults (art. 1344), defective goods/services (art. 1217), and lease breaches. Send by LRAR only.

ScenarioLegal basisStandard délaiNext step if ignored
Unpaid invoice (créance)Code civil art. 1344, 1231-68–15 daysInjonction de payer (NCPC art. 1405)
Defective goods (vice caché)Code civil art. 1641–1648Reasonable timeAction rédhibitoire or estimatoire
Defective services (malfaçon)Code civil art. 1792 (construction)8 daysRéféré expertise + TJ claim
Tenant rent arrearsCode civil art. 1728; loi 6/7/19891 month + commandementRésiliation judiciaire (TJ)
Breach of contract (inexécution)Code civil art. 1217, 1231-1Reasonable timeResolution (résolution) + damages
[Your Name / Company Name]
[Address]
[City, Postal Code]
[Email / Phone]

[Recipient Name / Company Name]
[Address]
[Attention: Legal Department / Director]

[City], [Date]
Sent by: Lettre Recommandée avec Accusé de Réception (LRAR)

RE: FORMAL NOTICE (MISE EN DEMEURE) — [Invoice Reference / Contract Number] — Request for Remedy within [14] Days

Dear Sir/Madam,

We write to formally notify you of the following breach and to demand remedy within the deadline set below.

FACTS:
On [date], we [sold goods / provided services / leased property] to you under [contract/invoice/agreement number ___]. The agreed [price / rent / fee] was EUR [amount] [per month].

On [date of discovery], we identified the following breach: [describe the breach specifically and factually. Example: Despite our invoice dated [date] for EUR [amount] being due on [payment date], no payment has been received as of today. / The [product/service] delivered on [date] does not conform to the specifications agreed in the contract dated [date], as evidenced by [description of defect].].

LEGAL BASIS:
This constitutes: (a) [non-payment of a contractual obligation under Code civil art. 1344 / delivery of non-conforming goods under art. 1641 / breach of contract under art. 1217]; entitling us to: (i) specific performance (exécution en nature); (ii) price reduction (réduction du prix); (iii) damages (dommages et intérêts) under art. 1231-1; and/or (iv) termination (résolution) under art. 1227.

DEMAND:
We hereby give you formal notice (mise en demeure) to: [state specific demand, e.g., pay EUR [amount] in full to our bank account [IBAN] / remedy the defect described above at your cost / vacate the premises by [date]], within [8 / 14 / 30] days of the date of this letter (délai raisonnable).

Pursuant to Code civil art. 1231-6, interest (intérêts moratoires) at the legal rate will run from the date of this mise en demeure until payment in full.

CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE:
If you fail to remedy the breach within the above period, we reserve the right to: (i) initiate injonction de payer proceedings before the Tribunal judiciaire without further notice; (ii) claim full damages under art. 1231-1, including consequential losses; (iii) seek resolution of the contract under art. 1227; (iv) exercise any other legal remedies available to us.

We expect your written response by [date = today + délai].

Yours faithfully,

________________________
[Your Name / Authorised Representative]
[Date]

Enclosures:
[ ] Copy of relevant invoice/contract
[ ] Photographs/evidence of defect
[ ] Prior correspondence
TL;DR — Using Legal Templates in France

Always send formal legal letters by LRAR (lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception). For debts under €5,000: use injonction de payer (free, no avocat required). For employment dismissal challenges: 12-month statute of limitations. French courts require good faith in all contracts (art. 1104). Courts may rewrite abusive clauses (clauses abusives in B2C: Code de la consommation L212-1).

📮 Sending Formal Letters

LRAR (lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception) creates legal proof of delivery from the date on the avis de réception. Keep all LRAR receipts — courts require them. For urgent matters, combine LRAR with email sending the same day.

⏰ Key Deadlines

Contract claims: 5 years (art. 2224). Consumer warranty (garantie légale): 2 years (art. L217-12 C.conso). Hidden defects (vices cachés): 2 years from discovery. Employment dismissal challenge: 12 months (C.trav. L1471-1). Criminal injury: 6 years.

🏛️ Injonction de Payer

For undisputed debts, file an injonction de payer at the Tribunal judiciaire (free, no avocat needed for ≤€5,000). If debtor does not oppose within 1 month, the order becomes automatically enforceable — no trial needed. Extremely cost-effective for B2B invoice recovery.

💶 Legal Aid (Aide Juridictionnelle)

Available for individuals with income below ~€1,086/month (2025). Covers avocat, huissier, and expert fees. Apply at Bureau d'aide juridictionnelle (BAJ) at your Tribunal judiciaire. Partial aid for incomes between thresholds.

⚖️ Médiation Obligatoire

Since 2022, many civil disputes must attempt médiation or conciliation before court filing (décret 2022-245). Consumer disputes: ODR platform mandatory. Family disputes: MARD (modes amiables de règlement des différends) strongly encouraged by courts.

🗣️ Language

French courts operate exclusively in French (ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts 1539, confirmed by Constitution art. 2). Bilingual contracts are enforceable if both versions are consistent — if conflict, French-language version typically prevails for contracts with French consumers (Code de la consommation L133-2).